Speech introducing the poetry of Elizabeth Bishop

My kindred understudies and scholars, welcome. The respect of addressing you, the writers of things to come, has been gave to me and I trust I won't frustrate. As Stephen Spender once said ‘I dread I can't give a diverting discourse as I read that all virtuosos are without humor'. Today I will be talking around one of the best female artists of the twentieth century, and one of my very own top choices, Elizabeth Bishop. ‘There's nothing more humiliating than being a writer truly'. The expressions of this unobtrusive writer pass on the bashful shrouded characteristics of a lady who was tremendous in being unspectacular. Priest was never distracted with the outdated thought of being an artist. This gave her a truthfulness that transposed to her verse in communicating the passionate excursion that was her life. Her verse echoes an actual existence all around lived with limits of feeling from the delight of elevated mindfulness, to servile confinement and sorrow. Elizabeth Bishop was conceived in America in 1911. Her dad kicked the bucket not long after her introduction to the world and at five years old Bishop lost her mom to psychological maladjustment. These brutal exercises of life, so early learned, left a void in Bishop's life, the void of a settled cherishing family. Her sonnet ‘Filling Station' investigates the topics of affection and family which delineates her aching to be cherished and to have a place. The sonnet portrays a family living among the oil and earth of a filling station. From the start she excuses the squalid spot ‘Oh however it is grimy! ‘ But as in a lot of her verse Bishop looks past the conspicuous to discover a delight and plainness inside all the soil. In this sonnet she arrives at the resolution that ‘Somebody cherishes every one of us'. This short sentence has picked up the intensity of a precept for me in my life and I'm certain it will hold reverberation with a considerable lot of you as well. This consoling idea, savvy and valid, shows how Bishop uncovers reality through her nearby perception of the easily overlooked details as she continued looking for self-disclosure. Minister's unique method of review circumstances is additionally clear in her sonnet ‘The Prodigal'. Have you at any point thought about what befallen the reckless child during his offense from home? Well Bishop did in this sharp sonnet which centers around the most minimal piece of the prodical child's life. This adequately basic sonnet depicts humankind's requirement for friendship, she herself being a self-declared pariah. As a pariah Bishop drove an agitated fretful life depicted as frantically and vivaciously itinerant. She once said ‘All my life I have lived and carried on especially like the sandpiper †simply running down the edges of various nations and landmasses'. Here Bishop admits of an extraordinary want to travel, perceivably looking for the home she never had. Religious administrator composed the sonnet ‘Questions of Travel' which delineates the time she spent in Brazil. Despite the fact that it was a position of enormous excellence, she frequently felt isolated and outside of it. She asks ‘Should we have remained at home any place that might be? ‘ which shows Bishop's extraordinary forlornness in scanning for having a place. In this sonnet she additionally questions the human need to go to bizarre remote spots. It closer views the issue of whether the traveler's journey comes from a blameless want to relish scenes of contrast or whether it may have a darker rationale, looking like the imperialistic want to overcome and gain different grounds. She at that point inquires as to whether it is silliness that causes us ‘to hurry to see the sun the opposite way around'. All the more amusingly this sonnet implies the impediments of human information and comprehension of remote societies. After all would we say we are not all blameworthy of deep down whining of the nosy visitors that plague our nation yearly? Religious administrator asks ‘Is it option to watch outsiders in a play in this most odd of theaters? ‘ However Bishop's contention advancing the benefits of movement will exile the negative considerations of even the most xenophobic among us. I feel many will appreciate the dramatic contrasts passed on in this sonnet as Bishop is so wry and fair about the contrasts among local people and travelers. A striking photographic nature of pictures is atypical of Bishop's verse. Her sonnet ‘The Fish' utilizes language that is imagistic and exact in depicting the encounter between a beginner fisher and a ‘tremendous' fight worn fish. The sonnet is wealthy in symbolism, analogy and similitude and utilizations layering of pictures which portrays in many-sided detail the recently gotten fish. Minister is a sympathetic creative spectator as she depicts the fish all around down to ‘The emotional reds and blacks of his glossy insides, and the pink swim bladder like a major peony'. The last line ‘until everything was rainbow, rainbow, rainbow! Furthermore, I let the fish go' portrays a snapshot of revelation and disclosure basic to Bishop's verse. Cleric articulates a benevolent decision on the life of the revered old fish which stands out firmly from man's endeavor to overcome nature. This ethical sonnet is one to consider whenever you go angling. My preferred sonnet by Elizabeth Bishop is ‘First Death in Nova Scotia'. The full multifaceted nature of adolescence is successfully evoked in this straightforward sonnet about the passing of her cousin. This is a sonnet we would all be able to identify with as it catches a youngster's first encounter of death. Albeit written in her fifties, Bishop figures out how to catch the disarray she felt as she endeavored to comprehend the absolution of death. This sonnet has a serious chilling quality which echoes an inappropriate grouping passing has taken in quenching the life of a kid. The last verse, albeit chilling, is one of my preferred bits of verse. The powerlessness and dread made as the youngster questions the nearness of an existence in the wake of death is valid for my experience of death and I'm certain other's. The youngster Bishop asks ‘But how could Arthur go; grasping his minuscule lily with his eyes shut up so close and the streets somewhere down in day off? ‘ This last line loaded up with power is an ideal case of Bishop's straightforward yet successful style. Oscar Wilde is cited as saying ‘One should cheer in the magnificence, the delight and the marvel of life; the less said about existence's bruises the better'. Notwithstanding, Bishop figures out how to do both effectively in her striking and unmistakable verse that will give a lot of joy for a considerable length of time to come. Her verse covers subjects from death to family and from movement to profound quality. Her sharp eye for detail, her precise perceptions and her straightforward, compact depiction of our general surroundings makes Elizabeth Bishop's verse an energized read. Her verse flaunts authentic inclination which starts from her own brutal encounters throughout everyday life and frequently communicates a more noteworthy comprehension of life and passing. Her satisfying style makes her verse a firm most loved among numerous beginner essayists and verse darlings. I trust I have imparted in you today the delights of perusing the verse of one of the most compelling females of the only remaining century. I will currently leave you with a last statement from Elizabeth Bishop's sonnet called ‘Poem'. This sonnet maps the peruser's understanding of understanding verse, from aloofness to acknowledgment of a typical mankind. ‘Life and its memory confined, diminish, on a bit of Bristol board, diminish, yet how alive, how contacting in detailâ€the little that we get for nothing, the little of our natural trust'

Should the Drinking Age Stay the Same Free Essays

Madelene Radillo Enc 1101/Research Paper Prof. John Colagrande Many individuals use liquor to â€Å"loosen themselves up† fully expecting engaging in sexual relations with another accomplice. It is a regularly held a conviction that liquor is a Spanish fly. We will compose a custom paper test on Should the Drinking Age Stay the Same or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now Since drinking liquor can cause individuals to feel increasingly good captivating in sex it can prompt a single night rendezvous, and a bunch of explicitly transmitted infections. Explicitly dynamic adolescents and youthful grown-ups have unprotected sex since they are affected by liquor. Liquor can cause anybody to turn out to be progressively sexual and do things that were not arranged, which is a main factor in young pregnancy. It is evaluated that high school young ladies who knock back the firewater are up to 63 percent bound to get pregnant. Another issue with drinking an excessive amount of liquor is that it can cause a power outage which may prompt a date assault. The casualty has no acknowledgment of what is happening in their environmental factors and may oblige any plan. As of April 2008 â€Å"more than 97,000 understudies between the ages of 18 and 24 are survivors of liquor related rape or date assault every year. Additionally, among college understudies â€Å"over one-portion of every single rape are submitted by men who have been drinking liquor, while around half of casualties likewise report liquor use at the hour of the assault† (www. collegedrinkingprevention. gov) Even with the drinking age being 21, there is an objective market made to advance underage drinking. Individuals will in general contend that in the event that people are mature enough to battle for their nation, at that point they ought to be mature enough to drink. This might be valid, however a 18 or multi year old who has joined the military and been separated, prepared, and remade quite often returns diverse then when they came in. They are shown structure and order; two key factors that might be inadequate in a normal non military personnel. Shockingly, adolescents in today’s social condition will in general imagine that they are invulnerable and will do pretty much anything so as to fit in. The issue is by all accounts in their absence of direction as well as understanding. These days, youngsters will in general discover their ethics actually TV programs and music recordings, instead of in organized social conditions (I. e. school, home, church and so on ). Youngsters and youthful grown-ups (understudies) are not prepared to deal with the duty that drinking involves or the repercussions that follow when such a large number of beverages are placed into an inappropriate hands. Bringing down the drinking age will just add to the issue. The most effective method to refer to Should the Drinking Age Stay the Same, Essay models

Human Body Transplants Cloning As A Future Prospect Thesis

Human Body Transplants Cloning As A Future Prospect Thesis Human Body Transplants: Cloning As A Future Prospect â€" Thesis Example > Cloning (Introduction)32-33Term Implications in the Modern Sense33-34DNA Cloning34-36Reproductive Cloning36-39Therapeutic Cloning39-41Xenotransplantation42-44Stem Cells44-48Chapter 5: Conclusion48-49 IntroductionThe purpose of the paper, as set out in the abstract, is to investigate to what extent the recently-developing and progressive technology of cloning can be helpful in generating organs and tissues for transplantation to needy human recipients. Many disorders of the human body, such as certain congenital conditions, cancer, trauma, infection, inflammation and other conditions can lead to organ damage and failure and the need for reconstruction. As is stated later on in the paper the number of persons with such organ reconstruction needs exceed by a large margin the number of organs available. Consequently, this results in unnecessary deaths each year, both in the United States as well as elsewhere in the world. At a period in human history when it seems that most things are possible this is considered appalling. Regenerative medicine together with tissue engineering strives to return form and function of these failed organs. Therapeutic cloning, one of all the cloning technologies available today, has great potential to become a permanent part of regenerative medicine by becoming a constant source of transplantable cells that can restore both form and function of the original sets of cells that constituted the failed organ or tissue (Koh and Atala, 2004). Nevertheless, it must be noted here that therapeutic cloning in the true sense using human embryos is unallowable under ethical considerations now or in the future as it implies destruction of an embryo, constituted to be the destruction of a potential human life. Then how can therapeutic cloning be of any help in supplying organs and tissues to be used for transplantation? There is another possibility under therapeutic cloning. The same technique that can generate human transplantable cells and ti ssues by non-reproducibly creating human embryos can also be used to create other animals like, notably pigs, that are genetically compatible to humans, especially needy recipients, and requisite transplantable organs, tissues and cells can be harvested from these genetically engineered animals for human use. The paper investigates the traditional sources of organs and finds that there is potential to increase supply from cadaveric sources as these are not totally exhausted. It also finds that bioartificial organs, tissue engineered, may return form but are not so competent to restore functionality in whole. There must be more research on this part of regenerative medicine to make it efficient enough as an alternative source. Essentially, hereafter, the paper investigates thoroughly all aspects of organ transplantation acknowledging the fact that no single technology or source can be used as the only means of deriving transplantable body parts from. Instead, for the future, with it in mind that those who need these transplantable parts have to be supplied them on an imperative basis, the paper considers a number of alternatives, all of them inclusive, that have potential to solve this major human problem in the near future. The main strategy for the introduction is to emphasize the urgency in enabling supply of transplantable organs, tissues and cells to those who may die without them. The sub-section on illegal trade in organs also demonstrates the urgency because the illegal trade is there in part because the demand for such body parts far exceeds supply in these times. It is a blotch on human dignity and much has to be done to do away with it.

Economics and Prostitution - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1551 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/07/31 Category Society Essay Tags: Prostitution Essay Did you like this example? Prostitution has constantly confounded the psyches of individuals for a considerable length of time. Steady endeavors to tackle this current issue have not by any means given any positive outcomes. For quite a while the issue was clearly disregarded by the administration as though it totally did not recognize what to do with it. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Economics and Prostitution" essay for you Create order In the start of the XXI century a whore has turned out to be a standout amongst the most standard products that the market can offer. It is likewise important to say that the request on prostitution is continually becoming because of a few elements worth of isolated investigation. Prostitution has dependably been secured from the eyes of natives as is has dependably been inadmissible. By the by, the issue does not vanish, and it turns out to be considerably sharper with time. Obviously, it is less demanding to imagine like there is no huge measure of ladies and men that have no other method to survive however offering sexual administrations. Essentially, the Law of Canada has not done anything sufficient to take care of the issue in any capacity, apart from causing dubiousness in the comprehension of what is lawful and unlawful as far as sexual administrations. Prostitution has a great deal to do with the economy, as it isnt just its dim side yet in addition the potential lawful pay, which is constantly required to such an extent. So, what is prostitution? Does it require conservative incitement, or would it be a good idea for it to be totally disallowed or disregarded? Furthermore, should the prudent approach be utilized to prostitution by any means? Prostitution isnt and will never be a standard employment and this is something that will be always remembered. The most astonishing thing about prostitution is that it has turned out to be not only an approach to profit for starving and vagrants yet in addition a profession open door for the youthful age. For what reason do our youngsters need to grow up with the thought that prostitution is a wellspring of getting cash and making due in this world? The contemporary world lives under specific regularities. A man needs to land a position that will give him or her an adequate measure of cash with a specific end goal to keep up an ordinary living. So, if a man does not have enough learning to land either position he or she generally has another open door to prostitute himself or herself. Prostitution as a crude was of profiting; it is an issue that keeps the public from its flawlessness and advancement. Prostitution is clearly a negative wonder, dispiriting the public however is has really turned into an occupation for some people and this reality cant stay unnoticed. Prostitution does exist and it an unchallengeable truth. It existed since antiquated circumstances in various nations, with various social-political statuses. A whore is a man who gives sexual administrations in return to cash. As such it is a man who offers sex and gets paid for it. All things considered, none of the general population giving this kind of administrations are playing out a business movement. It is generally trusted that whores are ladies; by the by men have an essential influence in prostitution as a question of appeal, as well. In any case it is difficult to give a definition to prostitution as a calling, since whores dont pay assesses and dont get any annuity while on retirement. Prostitution isnt unlawful in Canada and this reality places it in an extremely dubious position as far as conceivable profession openings for the youthful age. It is legitimate to offer administrations, yet it is unlawful to get themthis announcement makes numerous individuals puzzled. On e thing is sure without a doubt: prostitutionis a demonstration of offering a mans body for assist sexual administrations for material pay. Picking prostitution as a calling isnt normal. Indeed, it brings wage and the request is constantly high. Be that as it may, what will a whore stay with at the limit of the annuity age? This is one reason that numerous individuals, for example, the criminologist Dr. John Lowman contend for its legalization1. Prostitution is considered as a potential wellspring of recharging the financial plan of Canada. Yet, there are additionally different purposes behind not turning into a whore except for the duty benefits side of the issue. A significant number of the whores just vanish and frequently turn into the casualties of savagery. As indicated by the insights 90 percent had been physically attacked in prostitution and 78 percent had been assaulted in prostitution2. Whores dont get the security the agents of standard callings do. They can likewise be the reason for spreading of venereal illnesses because of the reality of nonattendance of a legitimate therapeutic checkup. This perils place prostitution in the situation of the hazard zone occupation. Nobody will contend that picking an occupation with high dangers isnt objective in any way. Prostitution is lawful in Canada. Be that as it may, it is formally, claiming pimping and working or being found in or working in an indelicate house (each place where at least one whores frequently work or where revolting acts are performed) are not3. Criminal Code areas 210 and 211 deny Off color houses and segment 212 anticipates duty regarding living on the profits of the prostitution of a man. By what method should the sparing methodology be connected to prostitution? Canadas Justice has set prostitution in a place where is must be done in specific spots with no exposure or as it were it needs to regard the ethical projections of the public. If prostitution is to be a sort of calling than it is put on a similar level with different citizens, for example, instructors, legal counselors and numerous others. The use of the sparing methodology implies that prostitution needs to have a legitimate status. SO, this influences us to see prostitution as a business. A business movement is an autonomous action coordinated to a precise pay entry from property utilize, offering merchandise, work execution or rendering administrations enlisted and expressed by Law. So, prostitution is a methodical salary acquired from rendering an administra tion. Prostitution gets the likelihood to exist wrongfully from the holes in the Law and the Canadian Law with its semi-legitimization does not make it less demanding to characterize the status of prostitution in the nation. If prostitution is lawful than whores must be 18 years of age and have the privilege to medicinal and government disability. In the meantime, they need to pay the month to month wage impose, which will make the calling less gainful, at that point it is presently. The existence of prostitution in Canada still can be clarified shape the purpose of the financial approach for Canada has a market-based economy. As per the monetary approach both sides must be in benefit. Request brings forth supply and, in this term, prostitution is only the response of the popularity of sexual administrations. So, it is about the profound quality of the public in any case. Outsiders ought to be totally wiped out from this arrangement. These outsiders, known as pimps or even sex-firms are the ones to be mistreated. Sex-laborers have turned into a fundamental piece of Canadas public and they even shape collusions, for example, the Sex Workers Alliance of Vancouver. The measure of cash acquired from prostitution is huge, so in this manner the monetary allowance is left with no extra financing. There are just two courses outeither to totally authorize it dispensing with road prostitution or to totally deny it. Prostitution has expanded in the most recent years in Cana da. This has a ton to do with the sex-vacationers touching base to Canada hunting down sexual administrations. This implies Canada is getting remote stores that go to no place. Prostitution can be found in Canadas each corner and particularly in its fundamental cities4. Its existence is molded by numerous components. Canada is putting forth authorized sex however for reasons unknown the holes in the law implementations are big to the point that it is totally difficult to see them. As a rule, prostitution is the main choice of a man and the response of the administration ought not be through the authorization of this alternative but rather in the formation of different choices of not too bad cash making. The monetary approach clarifies the existence of prostitution because any nation is a major commercial center and is occupied with benefit in any case and Canada in not a special case. The imparting law isnt successful any longer. Prostitution should be investigated from each side and needs another origination of working if working by any means. The monetary approach application does not infer that the benefit is made on the debasement of the public. Whats m ore, clearly if the sex-specialists had instruction, a work environment and a conventional compensation they could never have wound up on the board and could be their work would have brought a greater pay for the financial plan. Canada needs to change the monetary way to deal with the human approach and study everything concerning the prostitution for new. Work Citing: Dr. John Lowman: Canada is to the slave trade what Japan is to the whaling industry. Information taken from www. LifeSiteNews.com

Schizophrenia Research - 844 Words

What do you typically assume when you hear the word schizophrenia? Most people would answer this question immediately by saying â€Å"crazy,† â€Å"scary,† or â€Å"unpredictable.† Schizophrenia is a disorder characterized by a wide array of cognitive as well as emotional dysfunctions. These dysfunctions include, the most commonly thought of, delusions and hallucinations, but that is not all. Individuals with this disorder also experience disorganized speech and behavior, as well as inappropriate emotions. This means that schizophrenia has evident negative effects on a person’s ability to relate to other people. Consequently, not only are people fearful of individuals with schizophrenia, these individuals also have challenges with successfully†¦show more content†¦After that, the clinician must coach the individual through the use of frequent prompts and engage them in role-playing or behavioral rehearsal. All while doing this, the clinicia ns must continuously provide positive feedback and reinforcements for small improvements (Liberman Martin, n.d.). This will give the patient motivation to keep going through the treatment and the confidence that they are getting better. Each of the components and processes have been tested in multiple studies. One study, A Brief Cognitive-Behavioral Social Skills Training for Stabilized Outpatients With Schizophrenia: A Preliminary Study, discusses these in detail. In conclusion, the study presents the effectiveness and outcomes of the treatment. The authors came to many conclusions in a variety of areas, including performance, recognition of faces, quality of life, interpersonal communication, social skills and negative symptoms. Results, at the post-treatment, identified improvements in a majority of these areas. In addition to this, according to Rus-Calafell et al. (2013), â€Å"Informants reported an increase in social implication and interpersonal communication of those patients who participated in the SST group at post-treatment.† In other words, family members and friends of patients that participated in the social skills training reported that they noticed an improvement of social skills within that patient; most, if notShow MoreRelatedSchizophrenia Poster Research Topics : Schizophrenia1715 Words   |  7 PagesSchizophrenia Poster Research Topics K - What is schizophrenia? Schizophrenia is chronic, severe, and a brain disabling disorder; that has affected people throughout history. It also interferes with a person’s ability to think clearly, manage emotions, make decisions and relate to others. People with the disorder may hear voices other people do not hear. They may believe other people are reading their minds, controlling their thoughts, or plotting to harm them. 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Memory Test Outcomes Differences Naive and Non-Naive...

Memory Test Outcomes: Differences? Naà ¯ve and Non-Naive participants using Levels of Processing Test Abstract 90words Introductions 450 Many researchers have tried to unravel the mystery of memory in the brain. Early popular theorist Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) proposed that memories are kept in the brain in â€Å"stores† or rather locations where the information is held. They suggest that new information detected from the environment enters to the sensory memory. If attention is paid, the information then flows to the short term memory (STM). Thereafter, information must be rehearsed in order to lock it into the long term memory (LTM). This multi store model is a classic model of memory. In 1970’s, memory researchers†¦show more content†¦Material: Coglab 2.0 on a CD (Francis, Neath Vanhorn, 2008) Level of Processing Test Procedure:The test was done in two phases. Phase 1 consisted of 60 judgement tasks. Three type of judgement tasks were randomly mixed. First judgement was to decide correct pattern of consonants and vowels to a word. Second judgement was deciding if two words rhyme. Third judgement task was to decide if the words appeared are synonyms. Participants were to press the / key for ‘yes’(agree) answers and the z key for ‘not’(disagree) answers for all the three judgement tasks. Participants moved to the next task by pressing the space bar. Phase 2 of the test was the memory recall test. A 120 word series was shown, one after the other. At every interval participants were to decide if the word appeared in phase 1. Only half of the words appeared were in phase 1. The operative key press is the same as phase 1. At the end of the test, the raw scores on memory accuracy and the explanation of the test will be made available to the participant. 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You may quote portions of the Guidance as permitted by the FairRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 PagesCommerce (A): The Role of the Operating Manager in Information Systems 10 PART I Information Technology Chapter 2 Computer Systems 17 19 Basic Components of Computer Systems 20 Underlying Structure 20 Input/Output 20 Computer Memory 21 Arithmetic/Logical Unit Computer Files Control Unit 23 23 25 The Stored-Program Concept 25 Types of Computer Systems 28 Microcomputers 29 Midrange Systems 30 Mainframe Computers Supercomputers 33 34 Key TypesRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. 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Whitman Chap 0118683 Words   |  75 Pagessecurity—that is, the need to secure physical locations, hardware, and software from threats— arose during World War II when the first mainframes, developed to aid computations for communication code breaking (see Figure 1-1), were put to use. Multiple levels of security were implemented to protect these mainframes and maintain the integrity of their data. Access to sensitive military locations, for example, was controlled by means of badges, keys, and the facial recognition of authorized personnel by

Organizational culture and the leadership - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Organizational culture and leadership. Answer: Organizational Culture can be defined as a system of shared meaning. It can also be defined as a common viewpoint on an issue by all the organizations members(Schein, 2010). Features of organisational culture The various features of organisational culture are: Innovation and risk taking- It is the degree to which the members are encouraged to take risks and implement innovation. If the employees will take risks they will learn more. Attention to detail- The extent to which the members are expected to display precision, analysis and attention to details. If all the details will be analysed precisely then effectiveness will increase. Outcome orientation- It is the process in which the management do not focus on the process taken to achieve the result. They focus on the result i.e. on the outcomes. If the outcomes will be good the company will earn profits. People Orientation- While making the decisions, the management keeps in mind the effect of the outcomes on the people working in the organization. The employee satisfaction is an important point. Team orientation- The work activities are divided into teams in place of focusing on the individuals. The work done I a team is more efficient in comparison to the work done individually. Aggressiveness- The extent to which people working in the organisation are aggressive and competitive. The feeling of competition in the employees encourages more work. Stability- The extent of the activities done which maintains the stability of the organisation and maintains its status. Agility- The capability of the organisation to make changes in the products and the processes easily in accordance to the market demands. It also includes response of the organisation to the new strategies(Rick, 2015). These features can be applied to improve the organisation as attention to details helps in maintaining a higher level of effectiveness in the work. The outcome orientation motivates the employees to work more effectively and efficiently. If the members will take risks they will eventually lead to innovation as they will get new ways to work and they will be more creative. A people oriented organisation facilitates trust in the employees and motivates them to work. If individuals will be given a task it would be difficult for them to complete it but if team of members work on a project they will get new ideas to solve the problem. If people will be more aggressive i.e. more competitive they will produce more good results and hence it will improve the organisation. If employees will be stable and will easily cope up with the new market demands they will be able to make changes in the project very easily. This will also help in maintain the status of the organisation. The organisation i s able to implement new strategies very easily.(Robbins, 2003). Conclusion The various features of the organisational culture in short lead to the improvement of the organisation as it provides stability and agility to the organisation. It also provides a good working environment to the employees and hence the performance of the organisation increases. It also gives a feeling of competition to the employees and encourage them to maintain peace and harmony. References Rick, T, (2015). What is organizational culture?. Available at: https://www.torbenrick.eu/blog/culture/organizational-culture/ Robbins, S., Odendaal, A. and Roodt, G. (2003).Organisational behaviour. Cape Town: Pearson Education South Africa. Schein, E. (2010).Organizational culture and leadership. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Feeding Frenzy Lab Essay Example

Feeding Frenzy Lab Essay We will use chemical reagents to test to determine the presence of macromolecules: Benedicts solution for sugar, Iodine for starch, Berets reagent for protein, and Sudan Ill for lipids. If we test buttermilk biscuits for starches, sugars, proteins and lipids then it will test positive for all. If we test potato chips for starches, sugars, proteins and lipids it will then test positive for lipids and starch. If we test peppers for starches, sugars, proteins and lipids then it will test positive for only sugar. If we test sardines for starches, sugars, proteins and lipids then it will only test positive for proteins and lipids. Our hypotheses is based on our knowledge of the four foods we are testing. When available we consulted nutritional provided on food label. The supplies we used are: Safety Goggles, Beakers, Hot Plate, Gloves, Benedicts Solution, a scale that measures grams, Test Tubes, Iodine, Measuring spoon, Test Tube rack, Beirut reagent, Kara Syrup (glucose), Test Tube Rack, Sudan Ill reagent, Laundry Starch, Eye Dropper, Brown Paper Bag, Egg Whites, Glass Stirring Rod, Fork, knife, spoon, Vegetable Oil, Distilled Water, Plastic Cups, Blender, Mortar and pestle, graduated cylinder, deuterium biscuits, potato chips, hot peppers and sardines. Http://www. Stephenson. Coherence/classes/biology/units ) Prefab Brainstorm what foods you want to test and for what macromolecules you AR e testing. 2. Complete the 15 Questions for Investigation. 3. Decide who is going to bring what foods. Hint: lighter color foods yield more a accurate results. ABA 1 . Create positive and negative test controls for each mac romolecule test. A. Lipids Positive Controlling a test tube 4/5 full with vegetable Oil. Pour 10 drops of Sudan Ill into the test tube with the vegetable oil. We will write a custom essay sample on Feeding Frenzy Lab specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Feeding Frenzy Lab specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Feeding Frenzy Lab specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Label the test tube as p costive control lipids using masking tape and place in the test tube rack. Negative Controlling a test tube 4/5 full with distilled water. Pour 10 drops of Sudan Ill into the test tube with the water. Label the test tube as en active control lipids using masking tape and place in the test tube rack. A. Sugar Positive Controlling 1 Go of Kara Syrup with mill of distilled water in a beaker. Fill a test tube 4/5 with the solution. Pour 10 drops of Benedicts Soul Zion into the test tube. Clean the beaker. Fill the beaker full of water. Place the beaker full of water on a to plate and turn the hotplate on high. Place the test tube in the beaker full of water and boil for 5 minutes. Label the test tube as positive control sugar using masking TA pee and place in the test tube rack. Negative Controlling a test tube 4/5 full Of distilled Water. Pour 10 drops of Benedicts Solution into the test tube. Fill a beaker full of water. Place the b eager full of water on a hot plate and turn the hotplate on high. Place the test tube in the beaker full of water and boil for 5 minutes. Label the test tube as negative control gaff u sing masking tape and place in the test tube rack. . Protein Positive Controlling leg of eightieth powder (or albumen) with mill of distilled water in a beaker using a glass stirring rod until all of the powder is did solved. Pour the solution into a beaker until the beaker is 4/5 full. Pour 10 drops of Beirut reagent into the test tube with the solution. Label the test tube as positive control protein SSI Eng masking tape and place in the test tube rack. Negative Control Fill a test tube 4/5 full with distilled water. Pour 10 drops of Beirut reagent into the test tube with the water. Label the test tube as negative intro protein using masking tape and place in the test tube rack. A. Starch Positive Controlling 1 g of corn starch with mill of distilled water in a beaker using a glass stirring rod until all of the powder is dissolved. Pour the solution into a beaker until the beaker is 4/5 full. Pour 10 drops of iodine reagent into the t est. tube with the solution. Label the test tube as positive control starch using masking tape an d place in the test tube rack. Drops of iodine reagent into the test tube with the water. Label the test tube control starch using masking tape and place in the test tube rack. . Make the foods you are testing into a solution. A. This can be done With a mortar and pistil or a blender. Place your crunched u p food into a beaker. Add water to your food in the beaker to make it into a solution. Filter the chunks out by pouring the solution through a screen and/ or cheesecloth into another beaker. 2. Pour the food solution into as many test tubes as the number of tests you are performing. For example, if you are testing for starch, sugar, protein, and lip ads you will need four test tubes. Label each test tube with the food that is being tests and the macromolecule you are testing for using masking tape. 3. Place 10 drops of the appropriate reagent in the appropriate test tube. A. Sugar Benedicts Solution must be heated with food in order to produce a result b. Starch Iodine c. Protein Beirut reagent d. Lipid Sudan Ill reagent 4. Compare your results to the positive and negative test controls. 5. Record your data in a data table 6. Complete a lab report by following the lab report template. All sections are re quirked except calculations. 7. Type up your lab report using Google docs and invite all interested parties. . Post your lab report on your unit 2 weeping. The trial calls for multiple tests and multiple tests should be done to get the b est. results. The independent variable is food type, while sugar, lipids, protein, starch are t he dependent variable. The control variable and what must be kept constant is the + starch, + protein, + Lipid, + sugar. In a way thats the control trial and what you compare results to . Your suppose to test for + starch, + protein, + Lipid, + sugar and see if your food is positive n active starch, protein, lipid, and sugar. Data and Calculations Observations During this experiment we observed how the color of our food distillations changed with the different solutions. Each solution reacts differently. For example, when testing for the pepper for starch, iodine was added, and when the solution turned dark and cloudy, compared to the control it was obviously a protein positive.

Press Freedom of Japan Mongolia and North Korea essays

Press Freedom of Japan Mongolia and North Korea essays In the world today, media is presented in many diverse ways. Through radio, television, magazines, books, newspapers, and the Internet, media is everywhere. Freedom of the press and media does not come as easily for some countries of the world as it does for others such as the United States. Japan, Mongolia, and North Korea are examples of how vastly different press freedom can differ between countries. Japan is a small island chain in Eastern Asia. It is located between the North Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Japan, east of the Korean peninsula. The islands include the Bonin Islands, Daitoshoto, Minami-jima, Okinotori-shima, Ryukyu Islands, and Kazan-retto the volcanic islands. A proportional area of Japans total size could be somewhat smaller than California. Japan is entirely surrounded by water and borders no countries (Japan Geography 1996, p.1). The freedom of the press in Japan is considered completely free. Political parties and government organizations do not control the press in Japan, but some unofficial associations between the press and political figures exist (Karlekar Americans, and American occupation began. The American occupation of Japan was a seven-year period in which the Americans restructured the Japanese government. The constitution was rewritten during this time, and communism ended (Costa, 1997, p.1). Japan became a free country and even gave its media freedom of the press. American occupation ended in 1952 and Japan was left to command itself (Penna, 2002, p.1). The size of Japans media structure is massive. They have the biggest newspaper audience in the world (Fujimoto, Kitada, & Scuka, 2001, p. 1). With five national daily newspapers, 65 larger regional papers, over 70,000 books published every year, thousands of weekly and monthly magazines, television, and broadcast radio,...

Compare and contrast the use of the death penalty around the world Essay

Compare and contrast the use of the death penalty around the world before explaining why you believe it will or will not be abolished in the near future - Essay Example As at present, it was also used to deter other persons from committing more crime in the society. The crimes deemed worse by the society absolutely received the death penalty. In western countries, capital crimes like murder, treason and or espionage received the capital punishment that is a death penalty for the accused. In Middle Eastern countries, sexual crimes that included rape, incest or adultery and sodomy were the worst crimes and the criminal received death penalty. Other authorities recognized drug trafficking, human trafficking and religious crimes as serious crimes that deserve the death penalty. Most armed forces around the world termed any crime committed by a soldier like disobedience, spying as a capital crime punishable by death penalty. Since the past forms of capital punishment were more inhumane, there was a need for more humane forms of punishments and in the 18th century, most countries adopted modern methods to execute the death penalty. The guillotine was introduced in France, electric chair in Louisiana State, death by firing squad and lethal injection in most western countries. The Death penalty is in use in almost all countries in the world. In the recent past, most countries have done away with the penalty. Statistics shows that 103 countries have abolished the use of the penalty, 6 countries only use it for crimes committed in extraordinary circumstances like during war, 50 countries have not used it for almost 10 years the penalty is under suspension. 36 countries use the penalty to date; it is in their law and practice. In Algeria, the death penalty is for crimes like espionage, treason and attempts to overthrow the government, destruction of countries territory, terrorism, massacres and manslaughter, participation in rebellious movements. Other crimes include torture, kidnapping, counterfeiting and aggravated theft.

Montessori education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Montessori education - Essay Example The children also love to work as much as to play. Thus she believed that learning process should be in congruence with the child’s nature. In order to develop this process on must first study the child, and then develop a method of study based on scientific observation of the child. According to her education was not the process of gaining knowledge; it was in fact the process of creating new paths, and realizing potentials. Acquiring knowledge, learning discipline, developing character were goals that were gradually attained in the process. Montessori education has been studied extensively and has proved to be a highly effective method of education followed in schools worldwide. Besides the child’s learning and motor skills marked improvements have been reported in social skills of the child. The characteristics that are most integral to learning process; motivation, interest, peer coordination, strong student teacher relationship, and active participation in learning; are developed as a consequence of Montessori Method of

Data Mining Techniques in Airline Industry

Data Mining Techniques in Airline Industry Purpose and Scope All around the world, the airline industry could be described in few words, which is intensely competitive and dynamic. The airline industry generates billions of dollars every year but still has a cumulative profit margin of less than 1%1. Many Airlines are trying to recover from deep debt. The reasons for these are multifold- fuel prices, high cyclicality and seasonality, fierce competition, high fixed costs and many other issues related to security and passengers safety. To ensure for the best economic outcome, Airline companies are trying with their most creative asset data. Data used in conjunction with data mining techniques allows comprehensive intelligent management and decision-making system. Achieving these benefits in a timely and intelligent manner may help in resulting lower operating costs, better customer service, market competitiveness, increased profit margin and shareholder value gain. This purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the applications of data mining techniques on multiple aspects of airline business. For example, to predict the number of domestic and international airline passengers from a specific city/airport, to dynamically price the tickets depending on seasonality and demand, to explore the frequent flyer database to prepare for CRM implementation, to makes the operational decisions about catering, personnel, and gate traffic flow, to assist the security agencies for secure and safe flights for the passenger specially after 9/11 incident. Predict the Number of Passenger by applying Data Mining Technique Forecasting is critical to any business for planning and revenue management, especially in the Airline industry, where a lot of planning is required to buy/lease new aircrafts, to hire crew members, to find the new slots in busy airports and to get the approvals from many aviation authorities. In the case of Air travel, lot of seasonality and cyclicality involved. Passengers are more likely to fly to some destinations based on the time of the year. Business travelers are likely to travel weekdays than weekends. Early morning and evening flights are desired by business travelers who want to accomplish a days work at their destination and return the same day. To forecast the number of passenger, artificial neural network (ANN) can be used. The purpose of a neural network is to learn to recognize patterns in a given data. Once the neural network has been trained on samples of the given data, it can make predictions by detecting similar patterns in future data. The growth factors which might influence the air travel demand depend on several things. Mauro Calvano2 in his study of transport Canada aviation forecast 2002-2016 considered 12 major socio-economic factors as follows: GDP Personal Disposable income Adult Populations US economic Outlook Airline Yield Fleet/route structure/Average Aircraft Size Passenger Load factors Labor cost and productivity Fuel cost/Fuel efficiency Airline cost other than Fuel and Labor Passenger Traffic Allocation Assumptions New technology Factors 1 to 5 are related demand side of the forecast Factors 6 to 10 are related to operations and supply side Factors 10 and 11 represent the structural changes This historical data is called the estimation set. A fraction of the overall available data is reserved for validating the accuracy of the developed forecast model. This reserved data set is called the forecasting set because no information contained in it is used in any form during the development of the forecast model. The data in the forecasting set are used for testing the true extrapolative properties of the developed forecast model. The estimation set is further divided into a training set and a testing set. Information in the training set is used directly for the determination of the forecast model, whereas information in the testing set is used indirectly for the same purpose. Figure1: Forecasting Process Model For a given ANN architecture and a training set, the basic mechanism behind most supervised learning rules is the updating of the weights and the bias terms, until the mean squared error (MSE) between the output predicted by the network and the desired output (the target) is less than a pre-specified tolerance. Neural networks are can be represented as layers of functional nodes. The most general form of a neural network model used in forecasting can be written as: Y = F [H1 (x), H2 (x), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. , Hn (x)]+ u Where, Y is a dependent or output variable, X is a set of input/ influencing variables, F Hs are network functions, and u is a model error. This input layer is connected to a hidden layer. Hs are the hidden layer nodes and represents different nonlinear functions. Each node in a layer receives its input from the preceding layer through link which has weights assigned, which get adjusted using an appropriate learning algorithm and the information contained in the training set. Figure2: ANN Architecture Abdullah Omer BaFail3 did the study to forecast the number of airline passenger in Saudi Arabia. He selected the most influencing factors to forecast the number of domestic passengers in the different cities of Saudi Arabia. For Dhahran he selected factors like: Oil gross domestic product for last 6 years, private non-oil gross domestic product, Import of goods and services for last 10 years, and population size for last 2 years. The domestic and international actual and forecasted number of passengers for the city of Dhahran for the years 1993 through 1998 is shown below. Forecasts underestimated the actual travel. The Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) for domestic travel is about 10%, while for international travel is about 3%. Figure3: Forecasting results from Abdullah Omer BaFail3 The take away from the Abdullah Omer BaFail3 for me is that the efficient forecasting model can be invented using ANN if we using the right influencing indicators. In this study some indicators which influence are oil gross domestic product and per capita income in the domestic and international sectors. In view of the fluctuating nature of the passenger usage of airline services in Saudi Arabia, certain suggestions were made. Most of these recommendations were in order to improve the flexibility of the system to the fluctuations in demand and supply. Hub and spike model was also suggested as solutions in certain sectors to increase the flexibility in adjusting their capacity allocations across markets as new information about demand conditions become available. Application of Data Mining technique to predict the Airline Passengers No-show Rates Airlines overbook the flights based on the expectation that some percentage of booked passengers will not show for each flight. Accurate forecasts of the expected number of no-shows for each flight can increase airline revenue by reducing the number of perishable seats (empty seats that might otherwise have been sold) and the number of involuntary denied boardings at the departure gate. Typically, the simplest way is to go for average no-show rates of historically similar flights, without the use of passenger-specific information. Lawernce, Hong, Cherrier4 in their research paper predicted the no-show rates using specific information on the individual passengers booked on each flight. The Airlines offer multiple fares in different booking class. The number of seats allocated to each booking class is driven by demand for each class, such that revenue is maximized. For example, few seats can be kept on hold for the last-minute travelers with high fares and number of seats sold in lower-fare classes earlier in the booking process. Terms and conditions of cancellation and no-show also vary in each class. The no-shows results in lost revenue if the flight departs with empty seats that might otherwise have been sold. Near accurate forecasts of the expected number of no-shows for each flight are very much desirable because the under-prediction of no-shows leads to loss of potential revenue from empty seats, while over-prediction can produce a significant cost penalty associated with denied boardings at the departure gate and also create customer dissatisfaction. In the simplest model, the overbooking limit is taken as the capacity plus the estimated number of no-shows. Bookings are offered up to this level. No-shows numbers are predicted using time-series methods such as taking the seasonally weighted moving average of no-shows for previous instances of the same flight. Figure4: No-show trend over days to departure Source: Lawernce, Hong, Cherrier4 The simple model does not take account of specific characteristics of the passengers. Lawernce, Hong, Cherrier4 in his study used classification method, similarly Kalka and Weber5 at Lufthansa used induction trees to compute passenger-level no-show probabilities, and compared their accuracy with conventional, historical-based methods. I tried to summarize Lawernce, Hong, Cherrier4 approach and results briefly below. Whenever a ticket is booked the Passenger Name Records (PNRs) is generated and all the passenger information is recorded. The PNR data includes, for each passenger, specifics of all flights in the itinerary, the booking class, and passenger specific information such as frequent-flier membership, ticketing status, and the agent or channel through which the booking originated. Each PNR is also specified whether the passenger was a no-show for the specified flight. In the simplest model the mean no-show rate over a group of similar historical flights is computed. The mean in turn used to predict the number of no-shows over all booking classes. The passenger-level model given by can be implemented using any classification method capable of generating the normalized probabilities. The PNR records are partitioned into segments, and separate predictive models are developed for each segment. In the passenger-level modeling we characterize each using the PNR details. Let Xi; i = 1à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..I denote I features associated with each passenger. Combining all features yields the feature vector X = [X1à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Xi ] Each passenger, n = 1à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.N, booked on flight m is represented by the vector of feature values xmn = [xmn, 1à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ xmn, ià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. xmn, I ] We know the predicted no-show rate from the historical model; it is assumed the passenger inherits the no-show rate. The passenger level predictive model is then stated as follows: given a set of class labels cmn a set of feature vectors xmn and a cabin level historical prediction  µmhist predict the output class of passenger n on flight m: P(C = cmn |  µmhist , X= xmn ) We are specifically interested in the no-show probability, cmn = NS, and write this probability in the simplified form P(NS |  µmhist , xmn ) The number of no-shows in the cabin is estimated as à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ P(NS |  µmhist , xmn ) The summing of probabilities for each passenger in the cabin, gives no-show rate for the cabin. An analogous approach can also be used to predict no-show rates at the fare-class level. Lawernce, Hong, Cherrier4 compare results computed using the historical, passenger-level, and cabin-level models. The models were built using approximately 880,000 PNRs booked on 10,931 flights, and evaluated against 374,900 PNRs booked on 4088 flights. The figure shows a conventional lift curve computed using the three different implementations of the passenger-level model. Figure 5: Gain Charts Source: Lawernce, Hong, Cherrier4 Each point on the lift curve shows the fraction of actual no-shows observed in a sample of PNRs selected in order of decreasing no-show probability. The diagonal line shows the baseline case in which it is assumed that the probabilities are drawn from a random distribution. The three implementations of the passenger-level model identify approximately 52% of the actual no-shows in the first 10% of the sorted PNRs. This is one of the way the Airlines can incorporate data mining models incorporating specific information on individual passengers can produce more accurate predictions of no-show rates than conventional, historical based, statistical methods. Application of Data Mining technique to Strategies Customer Relationship Management In the current time most of the industries using frequency marketing programs as a strategy for retaining customer loyalty in the form of points, miles, dollars, beans and so on. Airlines are a big fan of this Kingfishers Kingmiles, Jet Airways Jet Privilege, American Airlines AAdvantage, Japan Airlines Mileage Bank, KrisFlyer Miles etc. they all seemed to have carved their own identities. Frequent Flyer Program presents an invaluable opportunity to gather customer information. It helps to understand the behavioral patterns, unveil new opportunities, customer acquisition and retention opportunities. This helps Airlines to identify the most valuable and the appropriate strategies to use in developing one-to-one relationships with these customers. The objective of data mining application over the frequent flyer customer data could be many, but ideally it is as follows: Customer segmentation Customer satisfaction analysis Customer activity analysis Customer retention analysis Some of the examples in each category are: Classify the customers into groups based on sectors most frequently flown, class, period of year, time of the day, purpose of the trip. Which types of customers are more valuable? Do most valuable customers receive the value for money? What are the attributes and characteristics of the most valuable customer segments? What type of campaign is appropriate for best use of resources? What are the opportunities to up-selling and cross-selling, for example hotel booking, upgrade to next class, credit card, etc. Design packages or grouping of services Customer acquisition. Yoon6 designed a database knowledge discovery process consisting of five steps: selecting application domain, target data selection, pre-processing data, extracting knowledge, and interpretation and evaluation. This study refers to the Yoon process to deal with three mining phases, including the pre-process, data-mining, and interpretation phases for airlines, as illustrated in figure below. Figure 6: database knowledge discovery process Source: Yoon6 Some straightforward solution can be implemented that can also be scaled-up in future like K-means, Kohonen self-organizing networks and classification trees. In the case of K-means algorithm, it is applied on customer data, assigning each to the closest existing cluster center. The K- means model is run with different cluster number until K-means clusters are well separated. In the case of classification trees (C5.0), we derive a simple rule set to uniquely classify the complete database. Again, we have to generate the attributes, resulting from the sequence of flight segments. The accuracy of the forecast for each segment is provided by balancing the training set according to equally sized clusters. We regulate the number of subsequent rules, while determining a minimal numbers of records given within each subgroup. Maalouf and Mansour7 did the study based on 1,322,409 customer activities transactions and 79,782 passengers for a period of 6 years. They prepared Data based on Z-Score Normalization and ran the multiple queries and transformed the data to create the clustering input records. They used K-means and O-Cluster algorithms. The result generated by clustering provides customer segmentation with respect to important dimensions of customers needs and value. The table below is the result is a summary of the profile produced by k-means clustering that includes: revenue mileage, number of services used, and customer membership period. Figure 7: Clustering result on Airline Customer Data Source: Maalouf and Mansour7 The results generated by k-means clustering are used as a basis for the association rules algorithm. Two different scenarios have been applied. The first scenario is based on Financial, Flight, and Hotel activities with 1,896 records. The second scenario is based on the flight activities especially the sectors, with 1,867 records. Figure 8: Association rules for best customer activities Source: Maalouf and Mansour7 Some of the take way from Meatloaf and Mansour7 study. Clustering using k-means algorithm generated 9 different clusters with specific profile for each one. From the cluster analysis it can be found which are the best customer clusters (higher mileage per passenger) than other clusters. Need a retention strategy for these clusters. Cross Selling strategies can be formulated between the clusters (for example between: 15 and 11; 13 and 17 because they are close in services value. The cluster analysis provides an opportunity for the airline to produce more revenue from a customer. For example, the airline could apply an up-selling strategy by selling a higher fare seat depending on the clusters. From the cluster analysis Airline may adopt an enhanced strategy for customers in clusters in order to increase services usage and revenue mileage per passenger. Plan for marketing campaign or special offers by analysis through association rules, for example, the customers using the Flight and Financial services never use the Hotel Services and the customers using the Flight and Hotel services never use the Financial Services. By analyzing the services used in different clusters, Airline can characterize services integration. It enables the airline to serve a customer the way the customer wants to be served. Application of Data Mining Application technique to understand the Impacts of Severe Weather Severe weather has major impacts on the air traffic and flight delays. Appropriate proactive strategies for different severe-weather days may result in improvement of delays and cancellations. Thus, understanding en-route weather impacts on flight performance is an important step for improving flight performance. Zohreh and Jianping8 in their study proposed a framework for data mining approach to analysis of weather impacts on Airspace system performance. This approach consists of three phases: data preparation, feature extraction, and data mining. The data preparation phase includes the usual process of selection of data sources, data integration, and data formatting. Figure 9: Framework proposed by Zohreh and Jianping8 He used three data sources: Airline Service Quality Performance (ASQP), Enhanced Traffic Management System (ETMS), and National Convective Weather Forecast (NCWF) supplied by National Center for Atmospheric Research. He used NCWF data from April through September 2000 to represent the severe weather season. These data-sets included the scheduled and actual departure and arrival times of each flight of ten reporting airlines, tail number, wheels off/on times, taxi times, cancellation and diversion information, planned departure and arrival times, actual departure and arrival times, planned flight routes, actual flight routes, and cancellations, flight frequencies between two airports, intended flight routes between two airports, flight delays, flight cancellations, and flight diversions. The image segmentation phase resulted in a set of severe-weather regions. Then for each of these regions, a set of weather features and a set of air traffic features are extracted. A day is described by a set of severe-weather regions, each having a number of weather and traffic features. As a result of this study it was found that there is strong correlation of blocked flights, #of bad weather regions, bad weather airports, blocked distance, bad weather longitude, by pass distance, bad weather latitude, # of bad weather pixels with flight performance. Similarly the clustering algorithms (like K-means) can be applied. The expectation is that the same clusters have similar weather impacts on flight performance. Zohreh and Jianping8 generated clusters for the entire airspace It was found that a cluster with worse weather almost always had bad performance. The clusters with large percentage of blocked flights, bypass distance, and blocked distance had a worse performance. These results were promising and showed that days in a cluster have similar weather impacts on flight performance Other data mining approach which can be applied is Classifications. Application of Classification can help us discover the patterns/rules that have significant impact on the flight performance. Discovered rules may be used to predict if a day is a good or a bad performance day based on its weather. For example Rule for Good: if %BlockedFlights and BypassDistance then Good (n, prob) There can be different ways where we can apply data mining approach to analysis of weather impact on airline performance. It seems to be that results obtained from clustering and classifications were very meaningful for airline and passengers to plan ahead. Application of Data Mining techniques to ensure safety and security of Airlines passenger The reaction of the terrorist attack on 26/9 and 11/9 resultant in increase Security at airports: It ends up allowing only ticketed passengers past the security gates, screen carry-on luggage more carefully for possible weapons. The question is whether these steps could have avoided the attacks, the people involved in the attack had legitimate tickets, and carrying box cutters and razor blades (like in any other normal person would do). The uncommon was the combination of their characteristics, like none were U.S. citizens, all had lived in the U.S. for some period of time, all had connections to a particular foreign country, all had purchased one-way tickets at the gate with cash. With the amount of data available about the passenger during ticketing, the can be reviewed to characterize relevant available passenger information. Given a passengers name, address, and a contact phone number, various data bases (public or private) can identify the social security number (SSN), from which much information will be readily available (credit history, police record, education, employment, age, gender, etc.). Since there is large number of characteristics available on both individual passengers, it will be important to identifying signals within the natural variability or noise. If predicted wrong, this may lead to either falsely detaining an innocent passenger or failing to detain a plane that carries a terrorist. The airlines already collect much data on various flights. When the data come in the form of multiple characteristics on a single item, exploratory tools for multivariate data can be applied, such as classification, regression trees, multivariate adaptive regression splines/trees. The security of the air transportation can be improved substantially through modern, intelligent use of pattern recognition techniques applied to large linked databases. Similarly Data mining techniques can be used for the Safety of the passenger. An air safety office plays a key role in ensuring that an aviation organization operates in a safe manner. Currently, Aviation Safety offices collect and analyze the incident reports by a combination of manual and automated methods.. Data analysis is done by safety officers who are very familiar with the domain. With Data mining one can find interesting and useful information hidden in the data that might not be found by simply tracking and querying the data, or even by using more sophisticated query and reporting tools. In a study done by Zohreh Nazeri, Eric Bloedorn, Paul Ostwald10 it was found that finding associations and distribution patterns in the data, bring important inside. The other finding is Linking the incident reports to other sources of safety related data, such as aircraft maintenance and weather data, could help finding better causal relationships. SumMRry Business Intelligence through efficient and appropriate Data mining application can be very useful in the Airline industry. The Appropriate action plans from the data mining analysis can result in improved customer service, help generating considerable financial lift and set the future strategy.

The Warning in The Beast in the Jungle :: Beast in the Jungle Essays

The Warning in The Beast in the Jungle "In the case of Henry James there should not be much dispute about the exactness and completeness of the representation; no man ever strove more studiously or on the whole more successfully to reproduce the shape and color and movement of his æsthetic experience." These are the remarks of Stuart P. Sherman from his article entitled "The Aesthetic Idealism of Henry James," from The Nation, p. 397, April 5, 1917. Now, some seventy-two years later critical readers are still coming to terms with James' aesthetic vision. As we have discussed in class, James aestheticizes everything. Sexual intercourse, carnal knowledge, painful self-discovery, human mortality, etc., are often figuratively and metaphorically veiled so as not to disturb or repulse the reader. Taking a closer look at this, one might say that James did this so that he himself would not be repulsed. Perhaps James wasn't thinking so much of the reader as he was thinking of himself. In "The Beast in the Jungle" James has aesthetically hidden the reality of Marcher's destiny by treating it as a symbolic crouching beast waiting to spring. The reader will ask why James has done this? Wouldn't it be more effective to speak plainly of Marcher's and Bartram's relationship? The author could tell us exactly why John Marcher does not marry May Bartram. The narrator tells us that Marcher's situation "was not a condition he could invite a woman to share" and "that a man of feeling didn't cause himself to be accompanied by a lady on a tiger hunt" (p. 417). This is nonsense. Marcher won't marry May because he doesn't want to inconvenience her with his condition or endanger her life on a tiger hunt? First of all, he inconveniences her right up to the day of her death with his condition, and as for the metaphorical tiger hunt, what exactly does that refer to? What is it here that James will not speak of in plain language? Simply what is the meaning of this; what is the author's intent? One might speculate that this story is somewhat autobiographical in that James himself never married and often carried on close personal relationships with a very select few. The various biographers of his life

Drop Out Risk Factors in High School Students

Drop out risk factors in high school students Tyrone Galimore Parent, Child, and School Psychology 133A-AMEA Professor Melissa Harwin Tyrone Galimore Parent, Child, and School PSY 133A-MEA Professor Melissa Harwin Fall semester 2012 10/11/2011 Introduction The purpose of this Life Arts Project (L. A. P. )was to review the benefits of family involvement for children. For the purpose of this L. A. P. I am going to summarize some of the expectations that families and teachers have of each other, and what potential benefits of family involvement have on at risk high school dropout students.Some of the questions I am attempting to address are: why are African American and Latino students dropping out of high school at an astounding rate? Is there any difference when students get greater attention from advocate- counselors, and smaller class room sizes? And what are the expectations that families and teacher have on each other? In this Life arts project I focused on the impact of families and teachers involvement in high school drop outs. Literature ReviewWhat initiatives are in place to prevent high school students from dropping out of school? Researcher has found that three out of ten Latino students dropout of high school, and one out of five African American students has also dropout out of high school. Understanding and addressing the issues surrounding students who drop out of high school is a continuous concern and pressing issues in school districts around the country. Over the past 20 years, the high school dropout rate has declined. (Center for Labor Market Studies, 2009 Cited in Featherston, B.Carl, 2010) Some of the research has been done through qualitative methods, while other research was conducted using questionnaires and more quantitative methods. High school drop out rate has decreased from 14. 1 in 1980 to 8. 0 in 2008 (US Department of Education, 2010) for example, this is the case for African American and Latino students. The amount of African Am erican students dropping out of school between the age of 16-24 also decreased from 19. 1 percent rate from 1980 to a 9. 0 in 2008, and decreased have also been demonstrated by Latino students, 35. percent rate in 1980 to a 18. 2 in 2008, (US Department of Education, 2010) These alarming high school dropout rates have pushed researchers and practitioners alike to distinguish the contributing factors causing students to drop out of high school. (Featherston 2010) Reflective Analysis When I was a high school student, I myself (being of African American descent) was an at risk student on the verge of dropping out of school. If not for my Micro system support team, â€Å"Micro system- A concept associated with Bronfenbrenners’ ecological theory.The micro system includes social systems closest to child’s daily life, such as the classroom teacher and home. † (Coleman 2013), I might have not succeeded in obtaining a high school diploma. â€Å"Understanding and address ing issues surrounding students who drop out of high school is a continuous concern and pressing issue in districts around the country. Over the past 20 years, the high school dropout rate has declined, but African Americans and Latinos still have the highest dropout rates in the country†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. † (Center for labor Market Studies, 2009)Contributing Factors Many of us are concerned with the fact that there are little job in our economy today, despite the fact that unemployment is at an all time high; today’s young people are having a difficult time finding jobs. The competition is rough, and for young people with out high school diplomas are even rougher. Why do students drop out of high schools? Here are some contributing factors, and preventive method addressing academic achievement. â€Å"Many issues surrounding the decision to dropping out of school stems beyond the students immediate grasp.Among these factors are academic achievement, socio economic status, and student behavior. Student engagement is facilitated by all of these factors and gives a clear view as into why students drop out of high school. †(Featherston, 2010) Another contributing factor was that my family was a vulnerable family. In this course we learned that Vulnerable Families are families, who, because of their life circumstances, experience financial, emotional, and physical stress that can impair their functioning and well-being.The two examples used in our course books were, homeless families and working-poor families. At times we where both, along with no money to pay bills, we would find our self moving from home to home. Sometimes living with extended family members (by the way, you ever heard of the saying â€Å"theirs no place like home) well that saying is absolutely true!!!! So without adding the details, you could clearly see why I had to grow up so fast at an early age, and man up, which contributed to my failing grades. One of the major causes of students dropping out of high school is the accumulation of failing marks. Studies show that academic failure has the greatest impact on a student’s decision to drop out of school† (Suh, Suh, 2007) In my experience as a teacher assistant, at the alternative high school, for the City of New Rochelle’s Board of Education, I have seen many students dropout of school. If fact academic achievement is one of the leading reason student’s dropout at the institution I am affiliated with.In my opinion, student behavior is affiliated with poor academic behavior, which I think is a result for students being put out of school, or dropping out of school. To illustrate, when I was in high school, I failed to do homework, or take notes in class, obviously I was lost when it came to the course martial. I said to myself, what’s the point of coming to class if I don’t understand the class work. I could blame my parents for not staying together for the benefit o f their children, but my parents broke up a long time ago, and I was the man of the house, being the oldest of three siblings.I toke this responsibility on, all by myself, and my mother who work long days, long nights, and occasionally on the weekend would be a weekend drunk, had vary little input when it came to making sure we went to school etc†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. â€Å"Shared factors associated with academic failure were the limited educational enrichment resources. † (Suh, Suh, 2007) Being the oldest of three siblings meant I had to share the responsibility with my mom, on keeping the family together. This meant getting my two younger rother up and ready for school each day, bathing and feeding them, etc†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Being the oldest meant, at an early age, I understood about the financial responsibilities that my mom was having a difficult time with. I learned how to be a man from men in my community (tie a tie, work for your money, etc†¦.. ), and I understood only money could help my mom in her situation. So I began to look in my community for ways I could get money to help the family progress, and be healthy. As a youth I had plenty of jobs, which consisted of working long hour at night and on the weekend.This definitely had an impact on my academic achievements, which resulted in me getting bad grades. Certainly I fell so far behind, that I felt, I was stupid. So I did everything under the sun (bullying, cutting class, not coming to school for academic’s, but showing up for football practice) to divert attention away from my academic’s issues. I already had a plan, if I was ever confronted with the fact that I was a troublemaker, I would quiet, and I just needed a reason. Benefit of family involvementThere is limited amount of research on the benefits of family involvement for families themselves. Nevertheless, Coleman has reasonably hypothesize at least five benefits that should result when teachers and families collabo rate to honor each others’ expectations and share responsibility for educating, socializing, and protecting children. (Coleman 2013), Parents’ knowledge of child development, schools sometime publish flyers to educate families about the physical, mental, and social â€Å"readiness skills†. Coleman 2013), Example, family participation practice can boost parents’ knowledge of child development and in turn, provide them with better insight into their children’s classroom performance. Parenting skills, teachers support children’s development and education not only in the classroom but also by responding to parents’ questions and concerns about their children’s behavior. (Coleman 2013), example, parents sometimes ask for help in addressing what they perceive to be unusual childhood behavior or a behavior that is out of character for their child.Parents may also ask for help in to such requests benefits children and families in the s hort and long term (knopf & Swick, 2008 cited in Coleman 2013). Parents’ Self-Confidence as Advocated for their Children, to form a truly collaborative family-teacher partnership, parents need the self-confidence to advocate for their children’s education and general welfare (Hoover-Dempsey, Bassler,& Brissie, 1992; Hoover- Dempsey & Sander, 1995, 1997, cited in Coleman 2013) Colman states that as a teacher, you can strengthen parents’ self-confidence by their children’s development and education.Also teachers should remind parents of how they contribute to their children’s well being by listening to their concerns and answering their questions†¦.. (Coleman 2013) Parents’ Creativity, Coleman talks about family strategies provides opportunities to keep parents engaged in their children’s learning experiences. They also stimulate parents’ creativity in promoting their children’s emerging skills at home and in the comm unity.Higher educational aspirations, with support, children are able to live up to their parents’ academic expectation (Fan & Chen, 2001, cited in Coleman 2013) Family involvement can contribute to positive outcome and decrease at risk student behavior by increasing parent’s self- confidence and creativity in helping their children develop the skills and motivation needed to stay in school. Benefits of family involvement for teachers As with families, relatively little attention has been devoted to studying the benefits of families involvement for teachers.Nevertheless, Colman identifies at least five potential benefits. Understanding the â€Å"ecological child†, because of their training, teachers naturally tend to focus on the â€Å"classroom child†. Only by considering the â€Å"ecological child† can we truly understand how children’s classroom performance is grounded in family and community life. Reflect on this example, cultural macros ystems. One hallmark of socially competent children in high-context cultures (e. g. African American students or Latino students) is their mastery of subtle contextual communication signals (e. g. nonverbal facial and hand gestures) rather than explicit verbalizations(Han & Thomas, 2010, cited in Coleman 2013) children from low- context cultures ( e. g. , United State, Western Europe, Australia) are taught to value just the opposite. They are encouraged to be direct in their verbal communication rather than rely on subtle forms of nonverbal communication. QUESTIONNAIRE I am asking these questions in order to gather information about what happens to students as they move through high school and make decision about what they are going to do after high school.Student at the New Rochelle Alternative High School, where I am employed, were told that their responses will be combined with those of other respondents, and the answers they give will never be identified as their own. Former stu dents who drop out of school and participated in this questionnaire were also told that the answers they give will never be identified as their own. 1) Thinking back to yours in high school, do you remember when you frist thought about leaving school? (Circle one) yes no 2) Here are some reasons students might use for leaving school which one applies or might apply to you.Circle which one you think applies to you. †¢ I had a job. †¢ I found a job. †¢ I don’t like school. †¢ I couldn’t get along with the teachers. †¢ I couldn’t get along with the other students. †¢ I wanted to have a family. †¢ (FOR FEMALES ONLY) I was pregnant. †¢ I became the father/mother of a baby. †¢ I had to support my family. †¢ I was suspended too often. †¢ I did not feel safe at school. †¢ I wanted to travel. †¢ My friends had dropped out of school. †¢ I had to care for a member of my family. †¢ I was expelled fro m school. †¢ I felt I didn’t belong at school. †¢ I couldn’t keep up with my school work. †¢ I was failing school. I got married or planned to get married. †¢ I change school and didn’t like my new school. †¢ I couldn’t work or go to school at the same time. 3) Do you plan to get a high school diploma or GED? YESNO References Coleman, M. (2013) Empowering Family – Teacher Partnerships, glossary Featherston, B. Carl, (2010) Review of higher education and self – learning, High School dropout prevention: a review of the literature, (7) 68-75 Robelen, W. Erik, (2006, November 15) Education week. Detailed Dropout Studies Guide Policy in City Schools, 26, 8-9 Suh, S. , & Suh J. (2007). Risk Factors and Levels of Risk for High School Dropouts.Professional School Counseling, 10(3), 297-306. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier Database. US Department of Education Institution of Education Science. (2010). Fast Fact. In The Condition of Education 2010 (NCES 20100-028). Retrieved 11/16/2012, from http://nces. ed. gov/fastfacts/display. asp? id=16. US Department of Education. (2009). Anniversary of Title VI Marks Progress and Reminds us that Every Child has the Right to an Education. In ED. gov. Retrieved 08/20/2010, from Http://www2. ed. gov/news/pressreleases/2009/07/0701200-a. html. Wallis, Claudia (2007, May 14) Stopping the Exodus. (169) 177-179

Differences Between Whales, Dolpins and Porpoises

Are dolphins and porpoises whales? These marine mammals have many things in common. Whales, dolphins, and porpoises all fall under the order cetacea. Within this order, there are two suborders, the Mysticeti, or baleen whales, and the odontoceti, or toothed whales, which includes dolphins and porpoises as well as sperm whales.  If you consider that, dolphins  and porpoises are really whales.   Size Matters for Being Called a Whale or Not While dolphins and porpoises are in the same order and suborder as whales, they generally arent given a name that includes the word whale. The term whale is used as a way to distinguish size among species, with cetaceans longer than about nine feet considered whales, and those less than nine feet long considered to be dolphins and porpoises. Within the dolphins and porpoises, there is a wide range in size, from the orca (killer whale), which can reach lengths up to about 32 feet, to the Hector’s dolphin, which can be less than four feet long. Thats how the orca comes to have the common name of killer whale. This distinction keeps alive our image of a whale being something very large. When we hear the word whale, we think of Moby Dick or the whale that swallowed Jonah in the Bible story. We dont think of Flipper, the bottlenose dolphin of the 1960s television series. But Flipper could rightly claim he was, in fact, classified with the whales. Difference Between Dolphins and Porpoises While dolphins and porpoises are very similar and people often use the term interchangeably, scientists generally agree that there are four major differences between dolphins and porpoises: Dolphins have cone-shaped teeth while porpoises have flat or spade-shaped teeth.Dolphins usually have a pronounced â€Å"beak,† while porpoises do not have a beak.Dolphins generally have a very curved or hooked dorsal fin, while porpoises have a triangular dorsal fin.Porpoises are generally smaller than dolphins. Meet the Porpoises To get even more specific, the term porpoise should also refer only to the seven species that are in the family Phocoenidae (harbor porpoise, vaquita, spectacled porpoise, Burmeister’s porpoise, Indo-Pacific finless porpoise, narrow-ridged finless porpoise and Dall’s porpoise). Similarities Between All Whales - the Cetaceans All of the cetaceans have a streamlined body and adaptations for living in the water and never coming onto land.  But whales are mammals, not fish. They are related to land mammals, such as the hippopotamus. They are descended from land animals that looked like a short-legged wolf. All cetaceans  breathe air into their lungs rather than getting oxygen from water via gills.That means they can drown if they cant surface to bring in air. They give birth to live young and nurse them. They also are able to regulate their body temperature and are warm-blooded. Sources: American Cetacean Society. 2004. ACS Cetacean Curriculum (Online), American Cetacean Society.Waller, Geoffrey, ed. SeaLife: A Complete Guide to the Marine Environment. Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington, D.C. 1996.